States of Matter
Atoms & Molecules Behavior in Different States
Explore how atoms and molecules behave differently in solids, liquids, and gases by changing the temperature. Observe the changes in particle movement and arrangement!
Solid
Temperature: ❄️ Cold
Observation:
In solids, particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern and vibrate in place.
The Science Behind States of Matter
Key Concepts:
States of matter depend on the balance between kinetic energy of particles and intermolecular forces:
- Solids: Strong forces, fixed volume and shape, particles vibrate in place
- Liquids: Moderate forces, fixed volume but no fixed shape, particles can slide past each other
- Gases: Weak forces, no fixed volume or shape, particles move freely
Temperature Effects:
Adding heat energy increases particle motion. At certain temperatures (melting and boiling points), the increased kinetic energy overcomes the intermolecular forces, causing phase changes.
