Coal and Petroleum: Resource Mapping
Explore where major fossil fuels (**Coal**, **Petroleum**, **Natural Gas**) are found in India and the location of the **refineries** used to process crude oil.
Key Locations & Instructions
▼- **Experiment 1 (Mapping):** Use the slider to cycle through the states and see a summary of the fossil fuel resources found there.
- **Experiment 2 (Refinery Quiz):** Match the name of the refinery to the correct state/location for a challenge.
- Use the explanations to understand the geological context of these non-renewable resources.
Petroleum refineries are complex factories that convert crude oil (petroleum) into useful products like petrol, diesel, kerosene, and lubricants.
Experiment 1: Mapping Fossil Fuel Deposits (Simulated)
Use the slider to highlight a state/region and view its resource profile.
Experiment 2: Petroleum Refinery Location Challenge
Identify the location/state where the displayed refinery is situated. (Enter the state name).
Coal and Petroleum are **fossil fuels** formed from the dead remains of plants and animals buried deep under the Earth's crust millions of years ago. Coal is mainly found in layers (seams) in sedimentary rock, while Petroleum is trapped between non-porous and porous rocks.
Non-Renewable Resources (Class 8 Level)
Crude oil is a dark, thick liquid mixture of various components. The process of separating the different components (fractions) of crude oil is called **refining**. This is done in a **petroleum refinery** using fractional distillation.
India's largest and most important coal fields are mainly concentrated in the eastern states, particularly the Damodar Valley (Jharkhand, West Bengal), which includes Jharia and Raniganj.
Natural Gas is often found trapped above petroleum oil in the oil well. It is an important, cleaner fossil fuel used as a fuel source and as a raw material in the fertilizer industry.
