Acids, Bases and Salts
pH, Neutralization & Salt Formation
Explore how acids and bases react, measure pH changes, and observe salt formation through neutralization reactions. Try mixing different solutions to see the chemical changes!
pH: 7.0
Observation:
Start by adding an acid or base to the beaker to begin the experiment.
The Science Behind Acids, Bases and Salts
What are Acids and Bases?
Acids and bases are defined by their behavior in water:
- Acids: Donate H+ ions (protons) in solution, pH < 7
- Bases: Accept H+ ions or donate OH- ions, pH > 7
- Neutral: Equal H+ and OH- concentrations, pH = 7
Neutralization Reaction:
When an acid and base react, they form water and a salt:
- Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
- The H+ from the acid combines with OH- from the base to form water
pH Scale:
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is:
- 0-2: Strong acid (battery acid, stomach acid)
- 3-6: Weak acid (vinegar, orange juice)
- 7: Neutral (pure water)
- 8-11: Weak base (baking soda, soap)
- 12-14: Strong base (bleach, drain cleaner)
