Series & Parallel Circuits
Bulb Brightness Comparison
This interactive experiment compares bulb brightness in series and parallel circuits. Observe how the arrangement of components affects electrical current and bulb illumination!
9V
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit
Observation:
In series circuits, bulbs are dimmer because the same current flows through all bulbs. In parallel circuits, bulbs are brighter because each gets the full voltage.
Series Brightness:
Parallel Brightness:
The Science Behind Circuits
Key Differences:
| Property | Series | Parallel |
|---|---|---|
| Current | Same through all components | Divides between branches |
| Voltage | Divides between components | Same across all components |
| Bulb Brightness | Dimmer (shared voltage) | Brighter (full voltage) |
| If one bulb fails | All bulbs go out | Other bulbs stay lit |
Why the Difference?
In series circuits, the current has only one path and must flow through all components. The total resistance adds up, reducing current and making bulbs dimmer.
In parallel circuits, current can take multiple paths. Each bulb gets the full voltage from the battery, making them brighter like they're connected individually.
Real-world Applications:
- Series: Christmas lights (older models), circuit breakers
- Parallel: Household wiring, car lighting systems, power outlets
